Located at the crossroads of the trade routes from Asia to Europe, the city has been known since the seventh century BC. In the Middle Ages the largest battles in the East took place here, such as the battle between the armies of Timur and Sultan Bayezid in 1402, also known as the Battle of Ankara. Since 1919 the small city of Ankara has been known as the centre of Kemal Atatürk's national liberation movement, and already in 1923 the symbol of the rebels became the capital of the new state.
In this rapidly growing city with a population of almost 5 million people, the following tourist sites are popular:
- the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations — established in 1997 on the ruins of the ancient capital Gordion, the institution was named “European Museum of the Year”; it holds exhibits from the Neolithic period to the modern history of Turkey;
- the mausoleum of Mustafa Atatürk, founder of the Turkish Republic, “Anıtkabir” — the total area of the monument, the park and the adjacent buildings is 750,000 sq. m; in 2008 it was visited by 3 million 800 thousand people;
- the Kocatepe Mosque — built in the classical Ottoman style, its main dome reaches 48.5 m and the four white minarets are 88 m high; at its centre stands a scaled-down replica of the mosque in Medina.
Ankara has a climate with distinct seasons, hot in summer with sharp daily temperature swings. Snow falls in winter, but the temperature rarely drops below 0.3 degrees Celsius. The currency is the Turkish lira.
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